ericnonaya's picture
ericnonaya
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+ 1 genetics new and interesting stuff (i am a nerd)

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there is a lot of new research suggesting that your choices foods and exercises. ( the environment you create can change your genetics or at least modify which genes are on or off ) good news for those of us that think that we were handed a shitty set of genetics. you have more control than you think! here is a link to a very interesting article i read. http://www.bulletproofexec.com/how-your-environment-hacks-your-genes-for... PS im not trying to get anyone to buy this dudes book just one of many articles i found interesting Smile here is a paste from wiki on some studies done on mice and twin humans. pretty awesome stuff imho. i love Wikipedia if you think of how different identical twins can end up later in life it makes perfect scientific sense to me anyway...

Epigenetic changes have been observed to occur in response to environmental exposure—for example, mice given some dietary supplements have epigenetic changes affecting expression of the agouti gene, which affects their fur color, weight, and propensity to develop cancer.[91][92]

One study indicates that traumatic experiences can produce fearful memories which are passed to future generations via epigenetics. A study carried out on mice in 2013 found that mice could produce offspring which had an aversion to certain items which had been the source of negative experiences for their ancestors.[93][94] Reports stated that:

For the study, author Brian Dias and co-author Kerry Ressler trained mice, using foot shocks, to fear an odour that resembles cherry blossoms. Later, they tested the extent to which the animals' offspring startled when exposed to the same smell. The younger generation had not even been conceived when their fathers underwent the training, and had never smelt the odour before the experiment.

The offspring of trained mice were "able to detect and respond to far less amounts of odour... suggesting they are more sensitive" to it, Ressler told AFP of the findings published in the journal Nature Neuroscience. They did not react the same way to other odours, and compared to the offspring of non-trained mice, their reaction to the cherry blossom whiff was about 200 percent stronger, he said.
The scientists then looked at a gene, M71, that governs the functioning of an odour receptor in the nose that responds specifically to the cherry blossom smell. The gene, inherited through the sperm of trained mice, had undergone no change to its DNA encoding, the team found. But the gene did carry epigenetic marks that could alter its behaviour and cause it to be "expressed more" in descendants, said Dias. This in turn caused a physical change in the brains of the trained mice, their sons and grandsons, who all had a larger glomerulus—a section in the olfactory (smell) unit of the brain.

In the case of humans with different environmental exposures, Fraga et al.[95] studied young monozygotic (identical) twins and older monozygotic twins. They found that although such twins were epigenetically indistinguishable during their early years, older twins had remarkable differences in the overall content and genomic distribution of 5-methylcytosine DNA and histone acetylation. The twin pairs who had spent less of their lifetime together and/or had greater differences in their medical histories were those who showed the largest differences in their levels of 5methylcytosine DNA and acetylation of histones H3 and H4.

More than 100 cases of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance phenomena have been reported in a wide range of organisms, including prokaryotes, plants, and animals.[96] For instance, Mourning Cloak butterflies will change color through hormone changes in response to experimentation of varying temperatures.[97]

Recent analyses have suggested that members of the APOBEC/AID family of cytosine deaminases are capable of simultaneously mediating genetic and epigenetic inheritance using similar molecular mechanisms.[98]

Dickkhead's picture

Interesting read bro. The author failed to convince me, though.

ericnonaya's picture

well thanks for reading anyway:)